1. Alternative Energy: Energy sources that are alternatives to fossil fuels, such as solar, wind, geothermal, and hydroelectric power.

  2. Ampere (Amp): Unit of electric current; one ampere is the flow of one coulomb of charge per second.

  3. Battery: A device that stores electrical energy in chemical form and releases it as needed.

  4. Bioenergy: Energy derived from organic materials (biomass), including plants, animal waste, and wood.

  5. Biomass: Organic material used as fuel or for bioenergy production, such as wood, agricultural crops, or waste.

  6. Carbon Footprint: The total greenhouse gas emissions caused by an individual, organization, event, or product, typically measured in CO₂ equivalents.

  7. Carbon Neutral: Achieving a balance between emitting carbon and absorbing carbon from the atmosphere in carbon sinks.

  8. Coal: A combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock used as a fossil fuel.

  9. Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES): A method of storing energy in the form of compressed air, typically in underground caverns, and releasing it to generate electricity.

  10. Current: The flow of electric charge, measured in amperes (A).

  11. Demand Response: Adjusting consumer demand for electricity in response to supply conditions, such as peak demand periods.

  12. Distribution Grid: The network that delivers electricity from transmission lines to end-users.

  13. Electrolysis: The process of using electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen, often used for hydrogen production.

  14. Energy Efficiency: Using less energy to perform the same task, reducing energy waste.

  15. Energy Storage: Technologies that capture energy for use at a later time, such as batteries, pumped hydro, and flywheels.

  16. Fossil Fuels: Energy sources derived from the remains of ancient organisms, including coal, oil, and natural gas.

  17. Fuel Cell: A device that generates electricity through a chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen without combustion.

  18. Geothermal Energy: Heat energy generated and stored within the Earth, often harnessed for electricity and heating.

  19. Grid: The network of power lines and associated infrastructure that delivers electricity from producers to consumers.

  20. Hydroelectric Power: Electricity generated by the movement of water through turbines in a dam or other water-based system.

  21. Kilowatt (kW): A unit of power equal to 1,000 watts, often used to measure electricity consumption or generation capacity.

  22. Kilowatt-Hour (kWh): A unit of energy representing the use of one kilowatt for one hour, commonly used for billing electricity consumption.

  23. Load: The amount of electrical power required by consumers at any given time.

  24. Microgrid: A localized grid that can operate independently or connected to the main grid, often used in remote or critical areas.

  25. Net Metering: A system allowing consumers to offset their electricity costs by feeding surplus energy back into the grid, typically from renewable sources like solar.

  26. Nuclear Energy: Energy released by nuclear reactions, typically used in power plants to generate electricity.

  27. Off-Grid: A system not connected to the main power grid, often powered by renewable energy sources with energy storage.

  28. Photovoltaic (PV): Technology that converts sunlight directly into electricity, as seen in solar panels.

  29. Power: The rate at which energy is generated, transferred, or used, measured in watts (W).

  30. Renewable Energy: Energy sources that are naturally replenished, such as wind, solar, geothermal, and hydroelectric power.

  31. Smart Grid: An electricity network that uses digital technology to monitor and manage the flow of electricity, improving reliability and efficiency.

  32. Solar Thermal Energy: A technology that uses sunlight to produce heat, often for water heating or electricity generation.

  33. Tidal Energy: Power generated by harnessing the movement of tides and waves, usually with underwater turbines.

  34. Transmission: The high-voltage transport of electricity from power plants to substations near populated areas.

  35. Turbine: A device that converts kinetic energy from fluid flow (like water, steam, or wind) into mechanical energy, typically driving a generator.

  36. Voltage: The electric potential difference between two points, measured in volts (V).

  37. Watt (W): A unit of power equal to one joule per second, used to measure the rate of energy transfer or consumption.

  38. Wind Power: The use of wind to generate electricity via turbines.

  39. Zero-Emission: Technologies or processes that produce no direct greenhouse gas emissions, helping to reduce the carbon footprint.